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The Victorious Divine Warrior

63 Who is this who comes from Edom,[a]
dressed in bright red, coming from Bozrah?[b]
Who[c] is this one wearing royal attire,[d]
who marches confidently[e] because of his great strength?
“It is I, the one who announces vindication,
and who is able to deliver!”[f]
Why are your clothes red?
Why do you look like someone who has stomped on grapes in a vat?[g]

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Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 63:1 sn Edom is here an archetype for the Lord’s enemies. See 34:5.
  2. Isaiah 63:1 tn Heb “[in] bright red garments, from Bozrah.”
  3. Isaiah 63:1 tn The interrogative particle is understood by ellipsis; note the first line of the verse.
  4. Isaiah 63:1 tn Heb “honored in his clothing”; KJV, ASV “glorious in his apparel.”
  5. Isaiah 63:1 tc The Hebrew text has צָעָה (tsaʿah), which means “stoop, bend” (51:14). The translation assumes an emendation to צָעַד (tsaʿad, “march”; see BDB 858 s.v. צָעָה).
  6. Isaiah 63:1 tn Heb “I, [the one] speaking in vindication [or “righteousness”], great to deliver.”
  7. Isaiah 63:2 tn Heb “and your garments like one who treads in a vat?”